Palabras clave
defensa química
taninos
herbívoros
Resumen
Las plantas presentan una gran diversidad de metabolitos secundarios los cuales utilizan como defensa contra insectos herbívoros. Los encinos se caracterizan por presentar altas concentraciones de diversos compuestos fenólicos, particularmente taninos hidrolizables o condensados. Los taninos tienen la capacidad de precipitar e inactivar proteínas y enzimas afectando la nutrición, el crecimiento y el desarrollo de insectos herbívoros. Se conoce que los encinos presentan una alta tasa de hibridación natural, siendo este un factor que influye en la variación de la defensa química afectando la estructura de la comunidad de insectos herbívoros. El papel principal de los taninos dentro de las interacciones planta-insecto en los encinos podría ser de defensa contra herbívoros, aunque se han reportado efectos variados de estos sobre los insectos herbívoros. Estudios recientes sugieren un papel central de los taninos hidrolizables en la defensa química en conjunto con los taninos condensados, ya que producto de la oxidación de los taninos hidrolizables se generan especies reactivas de oxígeno (ERO), lo cual representa un mecanismo de defensa contra insectos herbívoros. El objetivo de este artículo es el analizar y discutir la importancia de la defensa química de los taninos en encinos sobre la incidencia de insectos herbívoros como un posible mecanismo de defensa química.
Citas
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